sugar content

Estimation and selection of sugar beet hybrid components suitable for biofuel production in terms of energy characteristics

Purpose. To study the agronomic characteristics (yield, sugar content, bioethanol yield, energy yield, infestation by diseases and pests) in sterile and fertile breeding materials of beet sugar and select the best ones through top crossings in order to obtain experimental hybrids suitable for production both biofuel and sugar. Methods. Six diploid sterile lines of different origin and six multigerm diploid pollinators served as starting materials. Individual analysis of breeding value of the genotypes in terms of root yield, sugar content and infestation with black root, cercospora and pests was carried out. Energy characteristics, such as bioethanol, biogas and energy yield of sugar beet were calculation. Results. In crops of sugar beet, minor affection of leaves with cercospora (1–2 points) was observed. Pollensterile forms had a greater degree of tolerance to pathogens as compared to fertile pollinators. Yields and sugar content of multigerm pollinators were higher than that of sterile forms. Their yield ranged from 34.7 to 414 t/ha and sugar content from 14.0 to 15.6 % (the male line) against 32.5–38.3 t/ha and 13.0–14.0%, respectively (female line), which affected the yield of bioethanol, biogas and energy. Conclusions. Prospective multigerm pollinators '1180 02002 (2x)' and '1184 B2 (2x)' were selected in terms of high tolerance to all the pathogens, '1183 02024 (2x)' and '118 202 015 (2x)' in terms of ethanol yield and energy yield, '1182 02015 (2x)', '1233 Yan3 (2x)', 'CMS Uman.1212' in terms of biogas yield. Next year the selected lines will be used to produce experimental hybrids of sugar beet suitable for biofuel production.

Sugar content variability in simple sterile hybrids as components of experimental hybrids as affected by genotype and environment

Purpose. To identify genetic determination and phenotypic expression of sugar content characteristic in simple sterile hybrids as parent components of experimental combinations as affected by nutrition background and growing space. To select the best ones in terms of their adaptive ability to abiotic environmental factors in multifactor experiment. Methods. Variety test of simple sterile hybrids, sterility maintainers and their simple sterile analogues in various environments as follows: normal fertilization background, normal growing space (NBNGS); normal background, extended growing space (NBEGS); enhanced fertilization background, normal growing space (EBNGS); enhanced background, extended growing space (EBEGS). Results. Differentiation capacity of NBEGS environment was higher than NBNGS (5 and 7 best hybrids were selected, respectively). Against the enhanced background, extended growing space also was the best for the selection of genetic lines for their sugar content characteristic. In EBEGS selected were 8 hybrids that greatly exceed average population value, whereas in EGNGS only 5. Proportion of non-additively genes action in EGS was also higher compared to NGS (50 vs. 40%). Conclusion. Established was variability of phenotypic manifestation of sugar content against the different fertilization backgrounds and growing space. The best hybrids featured stable effect on the sugar content against both backgrounds were CМS 1/Оt 2, CМS 2/Оt 1, CМS 5/Оt 1 and CMS 2/Ot 5, as evidenced by the cumulative effect of GCA and SCA. SCA was more variable in relation to the area of supply than GCA. CMC 1 and CMC 5 lines were distinguished as carriers of additive genes controlling sugar content and were characterized by stable phenotypic expression.

INCREASED NUTRITION AREA AS A MODIFIING FACTOR OF FENOTYPICAL SHOW OF SUGAR CONTENT OF MS LINES AND FIXING AGENTS OF STERILITY IN SUGAR BEET

The article shows the results of the research of the influence of increased nutrition area on sugar content and sugar crop in MS lines and sterility fixing lines of sugar beet. It is determined specific reaction of genotypes to modifying factor, its most essential influence on characteristics variability, most perspective materials for formation of simple sterile hybrids as mother components have been chosen.