yield

Efficiency of different methods of soil tillage

Purpose. To study the effect of different technologies of soil tillage on agronomical and physical properties of soil and productivity of sunflower. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical, analytical. Results. The field experiment was conducted in 2014/2015. The object of research was topsoil. Seeds of sunflower hybrid Yason were sown at the rate of 55,000 plants/ha. In the studied treatments of soil different agronomical and physical properties of soil were created. The most close to optimal soil properties were obtained after ploughing, which created the best conditions for plant development. Thus, at the ploughing to a depth of 20–22 cm the yield of sunflower seeds was 2.56 t/ha, while subsurface ploughing to a depth of 14–16 cm and disking to a depth of 8–10 cm resulted in yield of 2.43 t/ha and 2.29 t/ha, respectively, and no-till resulted in 1,90 t/ha. It was found that basic treatment of soil influences water consumption by plants. The research results showed that the costs of one ton of sunflower seeds had increased in the treatment with subsurface ploughing by 1.5 % and with shallow tillage by 2.6 %. The most expensive was no-till treatment (3681 UAH/t). It was by 34.4 % higher than treatment with ploughing. Conclusions. The results showed that growing sunflower is highly profitable given any main soil tillage. The best indexes of yield, profit and return were obtained in the treatment with ploughing.
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Main directions and tasks in winter barley breeding in Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the main directions and tasks of winter barley breeding in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, statistical. Results. There is insufficient amount of scientific publications in recent years with regard to elaboration and extending theoretical principles of winter barley breeding under conditions of climatic changes in Ukraine, especially in the Forest-Steppe. Based on our data of many years of experimental research (2003/04–2015/16) confirmed by the world scientific achievements the main directions and tasks are assigned to be the priority of winter barley breeding in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. There were argued the necessity of purposeful creation of varieties feature various intensity and purpose of use with appropriate quality parameters: for livestock feeding, malt and food industries. The main factors are identified to have stronger impact on winter barley yielding capacity in recent years. These are wintering conditions, uneven distribution of rainfall, higher temperatures, lodging, and affection with complex of pathogens. Conclusion. It is necessary to elaborate theoretical bases of winter barley breeding for individual programs according to the purpose of use: feed, food and malt. Within the purpose of use mentioned above both intensive and universal varieties should be developed. Generally, winter barley varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine should meet high yielding capacity and stability, winter-hardiness, drought and heat tolerance, lodging resistance, resistance against powdery mildew, stripe blotch, spot blotch, net blotch, and dwarf leaf rust.

Efficiency of insecticide seed treatment for the protection of sugar beet against pests

The article presents research results on establishing the efficiency of insecticides and their combinations for sugar beet seed treatment against ground and soil pests. It was found that control of major pests in crops could be provided subject to using Poncho Beta preparation for seed treatment, resulting in proved increase in root yield and sugar yield per hectare as compared with the control.
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THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT IN CASE THEY ARE GROWN AFTER GREEN MANURED FALLOW IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE

Наведено результати трирічних досліджень вивчення росту і розвитку різних сортів пшениці озимої при вирощуванні їх після сидерального пару в умовах південної частини Правобережного Лісостепу.
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BACKGROUND OF ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY OF SAFFLOWER IN WESTERN STEPPES

The paper presents the results of studies of the impact of placement of plants per unit area, namely, row spacing and number of plants per linear meter on safflower seed yield. It is also shown the dependence of yield on the method of collection and use of plant growth regulators for seed treatment before sowing and spraying plants in the vegetative phase of leaf rosettes
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