PRYSIAZHNIUK O.I.

Database of technologies for growing bioenergy crops

Purpose. To develop a computerized information system of database management for growing bioenergy crops. Methods. The theory of operations research, graphic schemes and methods of linear programming. Results. On the basis of research, the core modules for database information system of scientific support of the process of growing bioenergy crops were developed and processed, including requirements to interface of a database, the presentation of information, types of queries to database systems and scenarios for user interaction with the system databases. Tabular forms of databases Varieties and Hybrids, Weather Conditions for Growing Bioenergy Crops, Fertilization, Crop Protection, Cultivation, Technological Operation, and Economic Efficiency. Algorithms of databases and scenarios for user interaction were developed. Conclusions. Developed on the base of long-term data on growing bioenergy crops in a particular farm tabular form and content of scripts and interaction with the database user make it possible to accurately predict the course of growth and development of plants and recommend additional agronomic measures. Maintaining databases separately for each field of growing bioenergy crops provides the possibility of accumulation and rapid processing of large amount of analytical information.
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Dynamic pattern of chlorophyll content in the leaves of sugar beet

Purpose. To determine the patterns of change in the content of the green pigment in plant chloroplasts of sugar beet and their relationship, to identify the features of pigment complex during the growing season. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical. Results. The peculiarities of changes in chlorophyll content in the leaves of sugar beets during the growing season are presented. It was found that the most intense green pigments synthesis occurs in the stage of closing leaves when their content reaches the maximum value: chlorophyll а of 8.620 mg/g and chlorophyll b of 4.15 mg/g. Using the ratio of chlorophyll a and b in their total weight the accumulation of a pigment depending on the stage of plant development is determined. Thus, in the first half of the growing season (the 8-true leaves stage and the stage of leaf closure between rows) the synthesis of chlorophyll b dominates, while in the second (the stage of closure leaves in rows and the technical maturity stage) chlorophyll a. Conclusions. It was established that the least intensive synthesis of chlorophyll occurs in the early stages of plant growth and development due to small leaf surface area and low assimilation of the photosynthetically active radiation. Thus, at the beginning of the growing season crops (the 8-true leaves stage and the stage of leaf closure between rows), chlorophyll b dominates in the structure of the green pigment. Reduction of chlorophyll content 1.3 times the end of the growing season (in the stage of technological maturity – 6.3 mg/g) compared with the stage of leaf closure in rows occurs due to the accumulation of sufficient sugar supply in the roots resulting in slowing physiological processes and the dying off old leaves.
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Anomalies of sunflower to use of herbicides Euro-Lightning

Purpose. To determine the laws of manifestation of abnormal changes in growth and development of sunflower plants as affected by herbicide Euro-Lightning applied at various rates. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical. Results. On the basis of these studies it can be stated that application of different doses of Euro-Lightning affects the shape of sunflower calathium, but further germination of seeds of plants from the calathium allowed to obtain normally developed progeny. Most often, we face different kinds of calathium deformation as resulted from the application of the high rate of the herbicide, namely 14.0 plants with deformation per 1,000 plants, that was by 6.7 more than under the application of recommended by the manufacturer doses. The obtained equations allow high-precision forecast (88–92%) of occurrence of phenotypic changes in sunflower stands as affected by Euro Lightning application. The correlation coefficient between herbicide application rate and the number of plants with deformed calathium has a close positive bonding force (r = 0.92), indicating that increased doses of herbicide results in increasing the number of plants with deformed calathium. Conclusions. The application of high consumption rates of herbicide Euro-Lightning (2.0 l/ha), as well as uneven application, results in the increased number of abnormal changes in populations resistant to the herbicide regardless of sunflower hybrid. The established regression equations between the doses of herbicide and abnormal calathium allow to predict the occurrence of abnormal changes resulted from herbicide Euro-Lightning application in sunflowers stands with 88–92% precision.
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Productivity depending on sugar beet genotypes

Purpose. To theoretically substantiate and develop agrobiological basics of sugar beet hybrids cultivation ensuring effective implementation of their breeding and genetic potential under the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory and statistical. Results. Analysis of yield of sugar beet hybrids grown in Tetiiv region showed that the value of heterosis during 2007–2010 manifested differently in diploid and triploid hybrids. For example, hybrid ‘Ukrainskyi CMS 70’ had the root yield of 27.9 t/ha, the sugar content of 14.4%, sugar yield of 4.02 t/ha, that was less by 3.7 t/ha, 0.7%, and 0.78 t/ha, respectively, than in triploid hybrid Shevchenkivskyi. According to the research, the most productive hybrid appeared to be Shevchenkivskyi, whose average yield was 4.32 t/ha, sugar content 15.5 %, sugar yield 6.7 t/ha. Hybrids ‘Bilotserkivskyi CMS 57’ and ‘Ukrainskyi CMS 72’ had these figures virtually identical, but smaller as compared to the hybrid ‘Shevchenkivskyi’. ‘Shevchenkivskyi’ was found to have the highest plasticity having responded positively to improving growing conditions and created an increase in yield. Conclusion. On the average for three years, in the area of research farm Shevchenkivske, triploid hybrid 'Shevchenkivskyi showed the highest value of heterosis, namely root yield of 43.2 t/ha, the sugar content of 15.5 %, sugar yield of 6.7 t/ha. The highest root yield was marked in 2006 (56.5–63.1 t/ha) for hydrothermic coefficient HTC = 1.2 during growing season; the highest sugar content in 2008 (15.4–16.0%) for the HTC = 1.1.
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